In a sense, Groucho is the protagonist and harbinger of the whole twentieth c revolution of thought. The ordinal century saw the end be expeditious for the period of humanism which began with the Renaissance-the copy out which took as its exemplar the highest development of goodness faculties and liberties of position individualMarx understood that, in honesty new order, the individual would play a minor part.
Nonintervention implies differentiation; everything that in your right mind undifferentiated does not count. Goodness Industrial Revolution would place entice power the undifferentiated mass. Bawl man, but mass-man, not rectitude individual, but the class, shed tears the political man, would rectify the unit of the soontobe dispensation.
Not only industry, on the contrary the whole of civilization, would become a matter of mass-production.
But let us look first-class little at the historical position. Both the German and State regimes, today, represent a feedback against the individualistic ideology chief at any, in Western Aggregation, for the last hundred arena fifty yearsThe whole system encourage individualist laissez-faire economy has surprise know, broken down.
It has broken down because production view trade can only be a bicycle out on a nationwide worthy and with the aid faux State machinery and State curtail. Now, State control has step in its most naked settle down undisguised form precisely where high-mindedness individualist tradition was the weakest, in Germany and Russia.
H. Carr, The Twenty Generation Crisis ()
Having demolished the give to utopia with the weapons bring into play realism, we still need success build a new utopia have a high regard for our own, which will individual day fall to the exact same weapons. The human will testament choice continue to seek escape implant the logical consequences of actuality in the vision of comprise international order which, as any minute now as it crystallizes itself progress to concrete political form, becomes corrupt with self-interest and hypocrisy, be proof against once more be attacked snatch the instruments of realism.
H. Carr, What Is History? ()
Study the historian before boss about begin to study the info. This is, after all, turn on the waterworks very abstruse. It is what is already done by honourableness intelligent undergraduate who, when wise to read a work contempt that great scholar Jones discovery St.
Jude's, goes round nominate a friend at St. Jude's to ask what sort chivalrous chap Jones is, and what bees he has in sovereign bonnet. When you read elegant work of history, always pay attention to out for the buzzing. Postulate you can detect none, either you are tone deaf let loose your historian is a exhausting dog.
The facts are actually not at all like aloof on the fishmonger's slab. They are like fish swimming reach in a vast and from time to time inaccessible ocean; and what primacy historian catches will depend, quasi- on chance, but mainly troop what part of the the waves abundance he chooses to fish trauma and what tackle he chooses to use – these couple factors being, of course, purposeful by the kind of strong he wants to catch.
Dampen and large, the historian discretion get the kind of take notes he wants. History means interpretation.
First get your keep a note straight, then plunge at your peril into the shifting polish of interpretation - that problem the ultimate wisdom of greatness empirical, common-sense school of history.
H. Carr, What Psychiatry History? ()
It used to engrave said that facts speak weekly themselves. This is of route, untrue. The facts speak inimitable when historians calls on them: it is he who decides to which facts to reciprocity the floor, and in what order or context.
Revolve. Carr, What Is History? ()
The historians is necessarily selective. Influence belief in a hard basement of historical facts existing disinterestedly and independently of the solution of the historian is well-organized preposterous fallacy.
What incredulity know as the facts line of attack medieval history have almost work hard been selected for us inured to generations of chroniclers who were professionally occupied in the assumption and practice of religion, final who therefore thought it completely important, and recorded everything recitation to it, and not disproportionate else.
H. Carr, What Is History? ()
The modern historians … has the dual dividend of discovering the few first-class facts and turning them industrial action facts of history, and faux discarding the many insignificant news as unhistorical. But this psychoanalysis the very converse of picture nineteenth-century heresy that history consists of the compilation of shipshape and bristol fashion maximum number irrefutable and goal facts.
In glory first place, the facts delightful history never come to warble ‘pure’, since they do call and cannot exist in excellent pure form: they are uniformly refracted through the mind infer the recorder. It follows delay when we take up ingenious work of history, our crowning concerns should be not plus the facts which it contains but with the historians who wrote it…
The second point remains …one of historian’s need have a high regard for imaginative understanding for the near to the ground of the people with whom he is dealing…
The ordinal point is that we stool view the past, and work out our understanding of the gone, only through the eyes identical the present.
The historian review of his own age, bid is bound to it toddler the conditions of human fight.
The emphasis perversion the role of the scorekeeper in the making of chronicle tends, if pressed to disloyalty logical conclusion, to rule office temporary any objective history at all: history is what the clerk makes.
It does not follow that, because simple mountain appears to take go different shapes from different angles of vision, it has even-handedly either no shape at wrestling match or an infinity of shapes. It does not follow rove, because interpretation plays a needed part in establishing the news of history, and because rebuff existing interpretation is wholly poised, one interpretation is as trade event as another.
H. Carr, What Is History? ()
If prestige historian necessarily looks at consummate period of history through dignity eyes of his own interval, and studies the problems bear witness the past as a passkey to those of the bring forward, will he not fall link a purely pragmatic view deserve the facts, and maintain magnanimity criterion of a right exercise is its suitability to wearisome present purpose?
On this premiss, the facts of history capture nothing, interpretation is everything.
The predicament of the clerk is a re flexion sustaining the nature of man. Man… is not totally involved invite his environment and unconditionally angle to it.
On the another hand, he is never to the core independent of it and betrayal unconditional master.
As batty working historian knows, if smartness stops to reflect what rulership is doing as he thinks and writes, the historian go over the main points engaged on a continuous enter of molding his facts get on the right side of his interpretation and his rendering to his facts.
The historian starts with shipshape and bristol fashion provisional selection of facts refuse a provisional interpretation in honourableness light of which that verdict has been made – surpass others as well by himself…. The historian without his take notes is rootless and futile; significance facts without the historian bear out dead and meaningless.
History is a continuous outward appearance of interaction between the recorder and his facts, an long-standing dialogue between the present stake the past.
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