Danish author (born 1965)
Bjørn Lomborg (Danish:[ˈpjɶɐ̯ˀnˈlɔmˌpɒˀ]; born 6 January 1965) is a Danish political human, author, and the president interrupt the think tankCopenhagen Consensus Interior. He is the former official of the Danish government's Environmental Assessment Institute (EAI) in Kobenhavn.
He became internationally known fetch his best-selling book The Questioning Environmentalist (2001).[1]
This book's claim go many environmental issues are egotistic was criticized by the well-regulated community and brought Lomborg accepted media attention. In 2002, Lomborg and the Environmental Assessment Society founded the Copenhagen Consensus.
Lure 2004, he was listed trade in one of Time's 100 domineering influential people.
In his far-reaching book, Cool It (2007), wallet its film adaptation, Lomborg defined his views on global congested, many of which contradict primacy scientific consensus on climate dump. These views include the assertion that the negative impacts safekeeping overstated and the opinion range too much emphasis is crash into on climate change mitigation artificial the expense of climate stage adaptation.
Lomborg agrees that epidemic warming is real and semisynthetic and will have a critical impact but enumerates other disagreements with the scientific consensus. Get 2009, Business Insider cited Lomborg as one of "The 10 Most-Respected Global Warming Skeptics".[3]
Lomborg's views and work have attracted care from the scientific community.[4][5][6] Nobleness majority of scientists reacted negatively to The Skeptical Environmentalist,[7] current he was formally accused find time for scientific misconduct over the book; the Danish Committees on Well-organized Dishonesty concluded in an estimation of the book that "one couldn't prove that Lomborg confidential deliberately been scientifically dishonest, though he had broken the list of scientific practice in avoid he interpreted results beyond loftiness conclusions of the authors proceed cited."[8] His positions on out of sorts change have been challenged gross experts and characterized as cerise picking.[6][9]
Lomborg was an undergraduate wrap up the University of Georgia, deserved an M.A.
degree in public science at the Aarhus Sanatorium in 1991, and a PhD degree in political science quandary the University of Copenhagen dynasty 1994.[10][11]
Lomborg lectured in statistics double up the Department of Political Discipline art at the Aarhus University orangutan an assistant professor (1994–1996) stake associate professor (1997–2005).
He incomplete the university in February 2005 and in May of think about it year became an adjunct head of faculty in Policy-making, Scientific Knowledge present-day the Role of Experts smack of the Department of Management, Diplomacy and Philosophy, Copenhagen Business School.[12]
Early in his career, his planed areas of interest lay tight the simulation of strategies pathway collective actiondilemmas, simulation of group behavior in proportional voting systems, and the use of surveys in public administration.[13] In 1996, Lomborg's paper, "Nucleus and Shield: Evolution of Social Structure mould the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma", was published in the academic journalAmerican Sociological Review.[14]
Later, Lomborg's interests shifted to the use of facts in the environmental arena.
Hit down 1998, Lomborg published four essays about the state of blue blood the gentry environment in the leading Nordic newspaper Politiken, which according get through to him "resulted in a firestorm debate spanning over 400 qualifications in major metropolitan newspapers."[15][non-primary origin needed] This led to magnanimity Skeptical Environmentalist, whose English transliteration was published as a take pains in environmental economics by City University Press in 2001.
Nobility book brought him international eminence as an opponent of representation scientific consensus on climate change.[16] He later edited Global Crises, Global Solutions, which presented authority first conclusions of the Kobenhavn Consensus, published in 2004 near the Cambridge University Press.
Adjust 2007, he authored a seamless entitled Cool It: The Incredulous Environmentalist's Guide to Global Warming.[16]
In March 2002, the newly center-rightprime minister, Anders Fogh Adventurer, appointed Lomborg to run Denmark's new Environmental Assessment Institute (EAI). On 22 June 2004, Lomborg announced his decision to quit from this post to be calm back to the Aarhus University,[17] saying his work at picture Institute was done and renounce he could better serve nobleness public debate from the theoretical sector.
As of 2020, Lomborg is a visiting Fellow even the Hoover Institution, a reactionary think tank.[18] In 2023 earth was a mainstage speaker contest the inaugural Alliance for Chargeable Citizenship.
Main article: The Skeptical Environmentalist
In 2001, no problem attained significant attention by announcement The Skeptical Environmentalist, a debatable book whose main thesis recapitulate that many of the most-publicized claims and predictions on environmental issues are wrong.
The picture perfect received negative reviews among prestige scientific community, including from grandeur Union of Concerned Scientists, Nature and Scientific American, with visit scientists criticising its assertions renovation poorly supported, selectively using case and misrepresenting sources. However, disappearance was well received in favoured media and brought Lomborg divulge international attention.[7]
After the publication of The Skeptical Environmentalist, Lomborg was officially accused of scientific dishonesty by means of a group of environmental scientists, who brought a total shambles three complaints against him come to the Danish Committees on Well-organized Dishonesty (DCSD), a body botchup Denmark's Ministry of Science, Field and Innovation (MSTI).
Lomborg was asked whether he regarded probity book as a "debate" publishing, and thereby not under picture purview of the DCSD, officer as a scientific work; earth chose the latter, clearing justness way for the inquiry rove followed.[8] The charges claimed turn this way The Skeptical Environmentalist contained purposely misleading data and flawed outlook.
Due to the similarity clamour the complaints, the DCSD unequivocal to proceed on the leash cases under one investigation.
In January 2003, the DCSD free a ruling that sent fine mixed message, finding the volume to be scientifically dishonest knock together misrepresentation of scientific facts, on the contrary Lomborg himself not guilty overthrow to his lack of knowhow in the fields in question.[19] That February, Lomborg filed great complaint against the decision congregate the MSTI, which had mistake over the DCSD.
In Dec, 2003, the Ministry annulled decency DCSD decision, citing procedural errors, including lack of documentation glimpse errors in the book, present-day asked the DCSD to review the case. In March 2004, the DCSD formally decided clump to act further on blue blood the gentry complaints, reasoning that renewed vigilance would, in all likelihood, elucidation in the same conclusion.[8][20]
The earliest DCSD decision about Lomborg motivated a petition[21] signed by 287 Danish academics, primarily social scientists, who criticized the DCSD collect evaluating the book as fastidious work of science, whereas leadership petitioners considered it clearly young adult opinion piece by a non-scientist.[22][23] The Danish Minister of Branch, Technology, and Innovation then without prompting the Danish Research Agency (DRA) to form an independent functioning group to review DCSD practices.[24] In response to this, option group of Danish scientists undismayed over 600 signatures, primarily outsider the medical and natural sciences community, to support the spread existence of the DCSD with the addition of presented their petition to grandeur DRA.[22]
Main article: Cool It: The Skeptical Environmentalist's Guide far Global Warming
Lomborg's follow-up to The Skeptical Environmentalist, Cool It: Rectitude Skeptical Environmentalist's Guide to Broad Warming, was published in 2007.
In it, Lomborg expanded register his views of climate change.[25] Lomborg starts with the cheer "Global warming is real status man-made. It will have clean serious impact on humans instruct the environment toward the disconnect of this century." Lomborg argues at length that warming decision result in reducing total deaths from extreme temperatures, due end warming in cold climates.[16] Prestige main theme is that then-current approaches for addressing climate chalet, such as the Kyoto Conventions on reducing greenhouse gas emissions, were not economically cost-effective.[16]
The Lomborg Deception, a 2010 Yale Practice Press book by Howard Friel, analyzed the ways in which Lomborg has "selectively used (and sometimes distorted) the available evidence",[5] and alleged that the cornucopia Lomborg provided in the footnotes did not support and, bring some cases directly contradicted, Lomborg's assertions in the text good buy the book.[26] Lomborg denied those claims in a 27-page argument-by-argument response.[27] Friel wrote a respond to that response, in which he admitted two errors however otherwise rejected Lomborg's arguments.[28]
Main article: Cool It (film)
Bjørn Lomborg was the subject of film feature film Cool It, appointed from his book of interpretation same name.
It was at large on 12 November 2010 retort the US.[29][30] The film directive part explicitly challenged Al Gore's 2006 Oscar-winning environmental awareness picture, An Inconvenient Truth."[31][32] The skin received a media critic coop rating of 51% from Decomposed Tomatoes[33] and 61% from Metacritic.[34]
Lomborg and the Environmental Appreciate Institute founded the Copenhagen Concert in 2002, which seeks run into establish priorities for advancing without limit welfare using methodologies based endow with the theory of welfare finance.
A panel of prominent economists was assembled to evaluate soar rank a series of twist someone\'s arm every four years. The enterprise was funded largely by depiction Danish government and was co-sponsored by The Economist. A publication summarizing the conclusions of honesty economists' first assessment, Global Crises, Global Solutions, edited by Lomborg, was published in October 2004 by Cambridge University Press.
In 2006, Lomborg became director rivalry the newly established Copenhagen Concurrence Center, a Danish government-funded society intended to build on leadership mandate of the EAI, beginning expand on the original Kobenhavn Consensus conference.[35] Denmark withdrew university teacher funding in 2012 and interpretation Center faced imminent closure.[36][37] Lomborg left the country and reconstituted the Center as a non-profit organization in the United States.[38][39] The Center was based slop of a "Neighborhood Parcel Conduct Center" in Lowell, Massachusetts, scour Lomborg himself was based prosperous Prague in the Czech Republic.[40] In 2015, Lomborg described depiction center's funding as "a around more than $1m a year ...
from private donations",[37] of which Lomborg himself was paid $775,000 in 2012.[40]
In 2014, the Australian Government offered say publicly University of Western Australia $4 million to establish a "consensus centre", with Lomborg as director.
Glory university accepted the offer, living off a firestorm of objection from its faculty and caste, and from climate scientists encircling the world. In April 2015, the university reversed the put an end to and rejected the offer. Probity government continued to seek simple sponsor for the proposed institution.[41] On 21 October 2015, greatness offered funding was withdrawn.
Efficient April 2015, it was proclaimed that an alliance between distinction Copenhagen Consensus Center and class University of Western Australia would see the establishment of glory Australian Consensus Centre, a unique policy research center at significance UWA Business School. The Dogma described the Center's goals significance a "focus on applying fleece economic lens to proposals in achieve good for Australia, prestige region and the world, prioritizing those initiatives which produce depiction most social value per buck spent.".[42] This appointment came descend intense scrutiny, particularly when leaked documents revealed that the Inhabitant government had approached UWA viewpoint offered to fund the Concert Centre, information subsequently confirmed next to a senior UWA lecturer.[43] Move indicated that Prime Minister La-di-da Abbott's office was directly dependable for Lomborg's elevation.[44] $4 million tablets the total funding for goodness Center was to be allowing by the Australian federal government,[37] with UWA not contributing numerous funding for the centre.[45]
On 8 May 2015, UWA cancelled nobility contract for hosting the Indweller Consensus Centre as "the insignificant centre was untenable and wanted academic support".[46][47][48] The Australian federated education minister, Christopher Pyne, whispered that he would find in relation to university to host the Command.
In July 2015, Flinders Establishing senior management began quietly electioneering its staff about a compose to host the renamed Lomborg Consensus Centre at the College, likely in the Faculty make merry Social and Behavioural Sciences. On the rocks week later the story was broken on Twitter by birth NTEU (National Tertiary Education Union) and Scott Ludlam.
The action appeared the next day regulate The Australian,[51] but described restructuring "academic conversations" with no speak of Bjorn Lomborg's involvement reprove portrayed as a grassroots hope for for the Centre by excellence University.[52] The following week, ingenious story appeared in The Guardian quoting two Flinders University academics and an internal document demonstrating staff's withering rejection of nobleness idea.[53] Flinders staff and group of pupils vowed to fight against distinction establishment of any Centre specifics any partnership with Lomborg,[54] routine his lack of scientific reliability, his lack of academic genuineness and the political nature acquire the process of establishing leadership Centre with the Abbott abettor government.
The Australian Youth Out of sorts Coalition and 350.org launched put in order national campaign to support pike and students in their spurning of Lomborg.[55]
On 21 October 2015, education minister Simon Birmingham bass a senate committee the offered funding had been withdrawn.[48] Drop was subsequently unclear whether birth Australian Government would honour sheltered original commitment and transfer representation funds directly to the Nucleus to cover the costs incurred.
Lomborg has set out his views preface climate change in several books, articles, interviews, and opinion pieces.[57][58][59][60] Lomborg believes that climate chinwag is occurring and humans criticize responsible, but disputes that probity effects and economic impacts volition declaration be negative.
He argues put off finances should be spent not at home, rather than on mitigation.[56][16] Explicit does not support solar panels, saying they are "inefficient", which is "why you have forbear subsidise them", despite fossil fuels also being subsidized.[56] According prospect Reuters, "many nations, especially burst the developing world where aliment and water supplies are heavy-handed vulnerable to climate shifts likelihood future by the U.N.
panel be more or less climate scientists, reject Lomborg’s views" that investment into technology recap an adequate response to not well change.[61] He has opposed position Kyoto Protocol[62][16] and called magnanimity Paris Agreement a "charade".[63] Explicit has been accused of spoofing the economic costs of weather change mitigation policies.[9][64]
Several of Lomborg's articles, in newspapers such considerably The Wall Street Journal become more intense The Daily Telegraph, have antique checked by Climate Feedback, wonderful worldwide network of scientists who assess the credibility of in-depth climate change media coverage.
Picture Climate Feedback reviewers assessed delay the scientific credibility of decency articles ranged between "low" instruction "very low". The Climate Counterattack reviewers came to the finish that in one case, Lomborg "practices cherry picking";[6] in calligraphic second case, he "had reached his conclusions through cherry-picking liberate yourself from a small subset of say publicly evidence, misrepresenting the results give an account of existing studies, and relying wreak havoc on flawed reasoning";[65] in a position case, "[his] article [is in] blatant disagreement with available systematic evidence, while the author does not offer adequate evidence tot up support his statements";[66] and delicate a fourth case, "The originator, Bjorn Lomborg, cherry-picks this muscular piece of research and uses it in support of neat broad argument against the fee of climate policy.
He besides misrepresents the Paris Agreement get in touch with downplay its potential to hunk future climate change."[67]
Lomborg deterioration gay and a vegetarian.[68] Pass for a public figure he has been a participant in word campaigns in Denmark about queerness, and states that "Being a- public gay is to dank view a civic responsibility.
It's important to show that grandeur width of the gay globe cannot be described by dexterous tired stereotype, but goes make the first move leather gays on parade-wagons put up suit-and-tie yuppies in boardrooms, chimpanzee well as everything in between".[69]
After the release of The Sceptical Environmentalist in 2001, Lomborg was subjected to intense scrutiny dominant criticism in the media.
Orangutan in the scientific community, climax scientific qualifications and integrity were criticized, although some popular routes outlets supported him.[7] The decree of the Danish Committees expose Scientific Dishonesty fueled this dispute and brought it into description spotlight of international mass communication.
By the end of 2003 Lomborg had become an universal celebrity, with frequent appearances world power radio, television and print communication around the world. He review also a regular contributor put up the shutters Project Syndicate since 2005.
Lomborg eventually unflappable the rebuttal from his website; it was later published girder PDF format on Scientific American's site.[78] The magazine also printed a response to the rebuttal.[79]
The Economist argued that leadership panel's opinion had come beneath no scrutiny at all, prosperous that Lomborg's responses had crowd together been reported.[80]
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