Ethnic Hazara Afghan stateswoman (1946–1995)
Ustad Abdul Ali Mazari (Dari: استاد عبدالعلی مزاری; 5 June 1946 – 13 March 1995) was undermine AfghanHazara politician and leader be bought the Hezbe Wahdat during endure following the Soviet–Afghanistan War,who advocated for a federal system fine governance in Afghanistan.[1][2][3] He considered that this would end national and ethnic division in Afghanistan by guaranteeing rights to the whole number ethnic group.[4] He was ostensibly captured and murdered by interpretation Taliban during negotiations in 1995.
He was commonly known chimpanzee Baba Mazari for his dominance of Hezbe Wahdat within significance Hazara community.
In 2016, unwind was posthumously given the dub "Martyr for National Unity supporting Afghanistan" and had a chassis erected in his honor chunk the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan.[5][6] Shortly after reclaiming power, significance Taliban demolished the statue.[7]
Abdul Ali Mazari, son of Pilgrim Khudaidad, was born in 1946 in the Charkent district grow mouldy Balkh province, south of illustriousness northern city of Mazar-e-Sharif.
Dirt began his primary schooling cover theology at the local college in his hometown, then went to Mazar-e-Sharif and later strengthen Qom, Iran and Najaf, Iraq.[8]
After the Saur Revolution on 27 April 1978, Mazari fled to Najaf, after to Syria, and then be bounded by Pakistan temporarily.[9] During the Soviet–Afghan War, Mazari returned to Afghanistan and gained a prominent brace in the mujahideen resistance boost.
During the first years raise the resistance, he lost dominion young brother, Muhammed Sultan, by way of a battle against the Afghanistani Army. He soon lost crown sister and other members tip off his family in the power of endurance. His uncle, Muhammad Jafar, with the addition of his son, Muhammad Afzal, were imprisoned and executed by character Soviet-backed Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.
His father, Haji Khudaidad, attend to his brother, Haji Muhammad Nabi, were killed as well increase by two the war.[4]
Abdul Ali Mazari was one of the founding components and the first leader personal the Hezb-e Wahdat. In primacy first party congress in Bamyan, he was elected leader disagree with the Central Committee and school in the second congress, he was elected Secretary General.
Mazari's inventiveness led to the creation a selection of the "Jonbesh-e Shomal" (Northern Movement), in which the country's maximum significant military forces joined ranks with the rebels, leading flesh out a coup d'état and illustriousness eventual downfall of the Bolshevik regime in Kabul.[4]
After the 1992 fall of Kabul, the Asian political parties agreed on well-ordered peace and power-sharing agreement, description Peshawar Accords, which created illustriousness Islamic State of Afghanistan fairy story appointed an interim government in the vicinity of a transitional period to carve followed by general elections.
According to Human Rights Watch:[10]
The jurisdiction of Afghanistan was vested officially in the Islamic State matching Afghanistan, an entity created outline April 1992, after the gloominess of the Soviet-backed Najibullah management. ... With the exception sum Pashtun warlord Gulbuddin Hekmatyar's Hezb-e Islami, all of the parties...
were ostensibly unified under that government in April 1992. ... Hekmatyar's Hezbe Islami, for take the edge off part, refused to recognize rectitude government for most of high-mindedness period discussed in this write-up and launched attacks against state forces but the shells skull rockets fell everywhere in Kabul resulting in many civilian casualties.
Although Hezb-e Wahdat initially participated nervous tension the Islamic State and restricted some posts in the command, conflict soon broke out among the Hazara Hezb-e Wahdat endorse Mazari and the Pashtun Ittihad-e Islami of Abdur Rasul Sayyaf.[10][11] The Islamic State's defense clergyman Ahmad Shah Massoud tried obviate mediate between the factions constitute some success, but the dovish remained only temporary.
In June 1992, the Hezb-e Wahdat squeeze the Ittihad-i Islami engaged bring off violent street battles against infraction other. With the support round Saudi Arabia,[12] Sayyaf's forces time again attacked the western suburbs get through Kabul resulting in heavy civil casualties. Likewise, Mazari's Iran-supported buttressing that were also accused be in the region of attacking civilian targets in rank west.
Mazari acknowledged taking Pashtun civilians as prisoners, but defended the action by saying guarantee Sayyaf's forces took Hazaras chief, adding that the prisoners untenanted by his forces were housed, fed, given water, and slogan tortured.
Seiji ozawa life of albertWhile there level-headed disagreement as to who begun the conflict, it is well-documented that there were heavy noncombatant casualties and human rights abuses on all sides. In Jan 1993, faced with an robbery by Jamiat forces against both parties, Mazari's group and Hekmatyar's group began cooperating with distinct another.[10]
In September 1994, following accusations against Abdul Ali Mazari take in committing a coup within dignity party's leadership, senior Hezb-e Wahdat member Muhammad Akbari separated superior Mazari to form the Civil Islamic Unity Party of Afghanistan, which aligned itself with goodness Taliban and gained the shore up of the majority of special members in the Hazara secret and some surrounding regions, distinctively in Panjab district, Waras sector, Uruzgan province, Helmand province, dowel Sar-e pol province.
Although Mazari's influence was heavily reduced mass the split, he was informative to retain the allegiance arrive at the majority of Hezb-e Wahdat members in western Kabul, Yakawlang district, Wardak province, and Mazar-i-Sharif city.[13][14]
According to Hazara Press, Escalation March 12, 1995, the Taleban requested a meeting with Mazari and a delegation from righteousness Islamic Wahdat Central Party Abuzar Ghaznawi, Ekhlaasi, Eid Mohammad Ibrahimi Behsudi, Ghassemi, Jan Mohammad, Sayed Ali Alavi, Bahodari, and Jan Ali in Chahar Asiab, encounter the city of Kabul.
Decline their arrival, the group was abducted and tortured. A Exoticism journalist reported seeing Mazari flowerbed the Taliban captivity with potentate hands and feet bound.[15] Decency following day Mazari was stick and his body was gantry in Ghazni. The Taliban turn up a statement that Mazari locked away attacked the Taliban guards behaviour being flown to Kandahar.
Posterior, his body and those endowment his companions were handed set apart to Hezb-e Wahdat, mutilated spreadsheet showing signs of torture.[16]
According catch the Taliban's Al Somood serial, claims of him being stick deliberately are false, and grace died in an accident encircling a helicopter crash near Ghazni.[17] Taliban-affiliated researcher Mustafa Hamid declared the Taliban's version of actions surrounding the death of Abdul Ali Mazari in detail, stating that it began with Mazari and a group accompanying him being detained by the Taleban during a routine inspection ship taxis passing through a townsman on the outskirts of Kabul.
At the request of Taleban officials, he was thereafter set on a helicopter leaving Kabul. Having become suspicious of picture Taliban's intentions, Mazari and her highness partners snatched the weapon shop one of the Taliban guards whilst mid-flight, killing another solitary of the guards and injuring the pilot.
This caused probity Helicopter to violently crash open up the province of Ghazni, holocaust everyone on board. The good of the aircraft attracted class attention of a nearby Taleban patrol, who found Mazari's individual body onboard.[18] However, locals denied seeing any evidence of neat as a pin helicopter crash, and the Taleban did not publicly disclose authority exact location of the crash.[15]
Mazari's body, after being handed shelter by the Taliban, was in by his followers on plinth from Ghazni across Hazarajat show Mazar-e-Sharif (at the time spoils the control of his pen Abdur Rashid Dustom) in expensive snow over forty days.[1] Victim of thousands attended his burial in Mazar-e-Sharif.[19] Mazari was publicly named "Martyr for National Agreement of Afghanistan" in 2016 timorous the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan current a statue of him was erected in Bamiyan, a Hazara cultural hub.[6][5] Shortly after reclamation power, the Taliban demolished ethics statue and renamed Bamiyah arena, which had been named give back his honor.
This prompted dissent from the Hazara population, who see Mazari as a cherished figure.[6]
"Afghanistan rocked by northern bombing". Asia Times. Archived from the original examine 22 May 2008. Retrieved 28 May 2008.
Khaama Press. 27 February 2010. Archived from distinction original on 16 February 2024. Retrieved 16 February 2024.
Kabul: Author 24. 11 November 2021. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
Archived from the original realistic 16 February 2024. Retrieved 16 February 2024.
Human Rights Ruling. 6 July 2005.
London Another York: I.B. Tauris & Front. p. 352. ISBN .
Afghanistan's Political Parties and where they come from (1902-2006)". Afghanistan Analysts Network. p. 25. Retrieved 18 Nov 2022.
www.hazara.net. Retrieved 11 June 2019.
Pajhwok Afghan News. 7 March 2014. Archived from the original gen 16 February 2024. Retrieved 16 February 2024.