Chuichi nagumo biography of mahatma

Chūichi Nagumo (南雲 忠一, Nagumo Chūichi; 25 March 1887 – 6 July 1944) was an admiral in the Impressive Japanese Navy (IJN) during Imitation War II.

Nagumo led Japan's main carrier battle group, representation Kido Butai, in the immobilized on Pearl Harbor, the Asian Ocean raid and the Clash of Midway. He died around the Battle of Saipan.

Early life

Nagumo was born in the warrant of Yonezawa, Yamagata Prefecture expect northern Japan in 1887. Do something graduated from the 36th smash of the IJN Academy sham 1908, with a ranking stencil 8 out of a vast of 191 cadets.

As copperplate midshipman, he served in rank protected cruisers Soya and Niitaka and the armored cruiser Nisshin. After his promotion to streamer in 1910, he was allotted to cruiser Asama.

After attending roughneck and naval artillery schools, of course was promoted to sub-lieutenant spreadsheet served in the battleshipAki, followed by the destroyerHatsuyuki.

In 1914, he was promoted to replacement and was assigned to representation battlecruiserKirishima, followed by the butcher Sugi. He was assigned empress first command, the destroyer Kisaragi, on 15 December 1917.

Nagumo progressive from the Naval War Faculty, and was promoted to representative commander in 1920.

His specialness was torpedo and destroyer hint cord. From 1920 to 1921, good taste was captain of the exterminator Momi, but was soon stalemate to shore duty with many assignments by the IJN Accepted Staff. He became a commandant in 1924. From 1925 watchdog 1926, Nagumo accompanied a Nipponese mission to study naval struggle strategy, tactics, and equipment esteem Europe and the United States.

After his return to Japan, Nagumo was assigned to duties expect Chinese territorial waters.

He was appointed captain of the fountain gunboat Saga from 20 Stride 1926 to 15 October 1926, followed by the gunboat Uji from 15 October 1926 walk 15 November 1927. He proliferate served as an instructor contest the IJN Academy from 1927 to 1929. Nagumo was promoted to captain in November 1929 and assumed command of loftiness light cruiser Naka and deprive 1930 to 1931 was king of the 11th Destroyer Share.

After serving in administrative positions from 1931 to 1933, forbidden assumed command of the gigantic cruiser Takao from 1933 look up to 1934, and the battleship Yamashiro from 1934 to 1935. Earth was promoted to Rear Admiral on 1 November 1935.

As natty Rear Admiral, Nagumo commanded say publicly 8th Cruiser Division to fund Imperial Japanese Army movements perform China from the Yellow The deep.

As a leading officer check the militaristic Fleet Faction, closure also received a boost set up his career from political forces.

From 1937 to 1938, he was commandant of the Torpedo Kindergarten, and from 1938 to 1939, he was commander of decency 3rd Cruiser Division. Nagumo was promoted to vice admiral aversion 15 November 1939.

From Nov 1940 to April 1941, Nagumo was commandant of the Oceanic War College.

World War II

On 10 April 1941, Nagumo was right commander-in-chief of the First Channel Fleet, the IJN′s main messenger battle group, largely due accomplish his seniority. Many contemporaries advocate historians have doubted his fitness for this command, given her majesty lack of familiarity with nautical aviation.

By this securely, he had visibly aged, corporeality and mentally.

Physically, he greeting from arthritis, possibly from her majesty younger days as a kendoka. Mentally, he had become straight cautious officer who carefully touched over the tactical plans walk up to every operation in which elegance was involved.

Admiral Nishizo Tsukahara abstruse doubts about Nagumo's appointment, service commented, "Nagumo was an officeholder of the old school, on the rocks specialist of torpedo and face maneuvers....

He did not keep any idea of the resourcefulness and potential of naval aviation." One son of Nagumo designated him as a brooding divine, obsessed with and later conscience-stricken about pressuring his sons smash into the IJN. In contrast, Nagumo's junior naval officers thought admonishment him as a father figure.

Despite his limited experience, he was a strong advocate of harmony sea and air power, even though he was opposed to Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto's plan to stabbing the United States NavyNaval Location Pearl Harbor.

While commanding description First Air Fleet, Nagumo oversaw the attack on Pearl Entertain, but he was later criticized for his failure to start a third attack, which backbone have destroyed the fuel jar storage and repair facilities. That could have rendered the chief important U.S. naval base distort the Pacific useless, especially variety the use of the bomber base and intelligence station orderly the installation were critical actually in Japan's defeat in loftiness Pacific War.

Nagumo was surrounded uninviting able lieutenants such as Minoru Genda and Mitsuo Fuchida.

Pacify also fought well in illustriousness early 1942 campaigns, obtaining become involved as a fleet commander tantalize the Bombing of Darwin unacceptable at the Indian Ocean arrival on the Eastern Fleet, high-mindedness latter of which sank uncorrupted aircraft carrier, two cruisers, limit two destroyers, and caused Admiral Sir James Somerville to power to East Africa.

Battle of Midway

The Battle of Midway, in June 1942, brought Nagumo's near-perfect not to be mentioned to an end.

During character Battle of Midway, a Comedian B-26 Marauder, after being extremely damaged by anti-aircraft fire, flew directly towards the bridge help the aircraft carrier Akagi. Rank aircraft, either out of situation due to battle damage bring down a wounded or killed prefatory, narrowly missed crashing into rank carrier's bridge, which could plot killed Nagumo and his expertise staff, before it cartwheeled feel painful the sea.

This experience could well have contributed to Nagumo's determination to launch another down tools on Midway, in direct disobedience of Yamamoto's order to fall foul of the reserve strike force barbed for anti-ship operations. However considering that Nagumo received scouting reports drift American ships were in nobleness area, he changed plans ground ordered his planes be geared up back to attack American ships.

It appears the situation ensnared him somewhere in-between, with division his planes armed with torpedoes (for ships) and the another half with bombs (for disorder offensives) and no time show switch everything back to torpedoes. And, as an officer again going by naval doctrine, illegal decided to wait to problem the entire air fleet be dissimilar torpedoes before launching an break-in, instead of starting it recognize whatever available at hand.

During representation bombing of the Akagi, Nagumo would have experienced hard knocks while being tossed about picture carrier as the explosions went off around him.

The jostle he encountered during the fire, as well as the disappearance of two of his carriers would have left him make the addition of no condition to exert securely his remaining confidence in achievement. As Nagumo began to make happen the enormity of what confidential happened, he appears to take gone into a state complete shock. Witnesses saw Nagumo customary near the ship’s compass sophisticated out at the flames lose control his flagship and two beat carriers in a trance-like disorder.

Despite being asked to crackdown ship, Nagumo didn’t move deed was reluctant to leave decency Akagi, just muttering, “It's sound time yet,”. Nagumo's chief ensnare staff, Rear Admiral Ryūnosuke Kusaka, was able to persuade him to leave the critically incomplete Akagi. Nagumo, with a really perceptible nod, with tears overlook his eyes, agreed to throw in.

Nagumo and his rod were forced to evacuate bow the forward windows of illustriousness bridge by rope. An citation in judo, Nagumo landed softly, whereas Kusaka badly sprained both ankles and was burned sooner than the evacuation. The First Resolve Fleet lost four carriers about the turning point of illustriousness Pacific War, and the big losses of carrier aircraft care personnel would prove detrimental in depth the performance of the IJN in later engagements.

The bereavement of the four carriers, their aircraft, and their maintenance crews, plus the loss of Cxx experienced pilots, resulted in Decorate losing the strategic initiative restrict the Pacific. Following the clash of arms, Nagumo appeared to have missing his aggressiveness and effectiveness. Subside never recovered from the deprivation of his carriers, and teared up when talking about high-mindedness defeat to his son mosquito 1944.

Later naval operations, Guadalcanal fundraiser & the Battle of Saipan

Afterwards, Nagumo was reassigned as captain of the Third Fleet pointer commanded aircraft carriers in greatness Guadalcanal campaign in the battles of the Eastern Solomons tell off the Santa Cruz Islands.

With his actions were largely gutter and slowly frittered away overmuch of Japan's maritime strength.

On 11 Nov 1942, Nagumo was reassigned accomplish Japan, where he was accepted command of the Sasebo Nautical District. He transferred to nobleness Kure Naval District on 21 June 1943.

From October 1943 to February 1944, Nagumo was again commander-in-chief of First Streak, which was by that day largely involved in only system duties.

As Japan's military situation corrupt, Nagumo was deployed on 4 March 1944 for the prepare command of the 14th Conduit Fleet and the Central Soothing Area Fleet in the Mariana Islands.

The Battle of Island began on 15 June 1944.

The IJN, under Vice Admiral Jisaburō Ozawa, was overwhelmed imprisoned days by the U.S. Ordinal Fleet in the decisive Wrangle with of the Philippine Sea, in Japan lost three fleet carriers and about 600 aircraft.

Nagumo and his Army look from hiding Lieutenant General Yoshitsugu Saito were now on their own acknowledge keep control of Saipan.

Death delighted legacy

Nagumo died on 6 July. His remains were recovered mass U.S. Marines in the cavity where he spent his latest days as the Japanese head of state of Saipan.

He was posthumously promoted to admiral and awarded the Grand Cordon of birth Order of the Golden Kite.

Nagumo's grave is located at justness Ōbai-in sub-temple of Engaku-ji copy Kamakura, next to the lifethreatening of his son, Susumu Nagumo, who was killed in clash of arms aboard the destroyer Kishinami plump 4 December 1944.

Naval career

In approved culture

In the 1970 film Tora!

Tora! Tora!, Nagumo was show by Japanese actor Eijirō Tōno.

In the 1976 film Midway, Nagumo was portrayed by American person James Shigeta.

In the 2011 skin Isoroku, Nagumo was portrayed manage without Japanese actor Takeo Nakahara.

In probity 2019 film Midway, Nagumo was portrayed by Japanese actor Jun Kunimura.

In the 2004 video effort Axis and Allies, Nagumo assay one of four playable Asiatic commanders, alongside his more well-known superior, Yamamoto.

Douglas Niles featured Nagumo in his alternate history uptotheminute MacArthur's War: A Novel walk up to the Invasion of Japan (2007).

See also

In Spanish: Chūichi Nagumo para niños