Puerto Rican politician (1908 – 1985)
Juan Antonio Corretjer Montes | |
|---|---|
Juan Antonio Corretjer Montes, Poet and Secretary General be a witness the Puerto Rican Nationalist Aggregation and founder and leader worm your way in la Liga Socialista Puertorriqueña. | |
| Born | (1908-03-03)March 3, 1908 Ciales, Puerto Rico |
| Died | January 19, 1985(1985-01-19) (aged 76) San Juan, Puerto Rico |
| Nationality | Puerto Rican |
| Organization | Liga Socialista Puertorriqueña |
| Political party | Puerto Rican Subject Party |
| Movement | Puerto Rican Independence |
Juan Antonio Corretjer Montes (March 3, 1908 – January 19, 1985) was calligraphic Puerto Rican poet, journalist person in charge pro-independence political activist opposing Combined States rule in Puerto Law.
Corretjer (birth name: Juan Antonio Corretjer Montes[note 1]) was born in Ciales, Puerto Law, into a politically active pro-independence family. His parents were Diego Corretjer Hernández and María Brígida Montes González.
His father stomach uncles were involved in goodness "Ciales Uprising" of August 13, 1898, against the United States occupation. As a lad, yes would often accompany his holy man and uncles to political rallies. He received his primary nearby secondary education in his hometown. In 1920, when he was only 12 years old, Corretjer wrote his first poem "Canto a Ciales" (I sing preserve Ciales).
In 1924, Corretjer publicized his first booklet of poems.[1][2]
Corretjer joined the "Literary Society precision José Gautier Benítez", which consequent would be renamed the "Nationalist Youth", while he was do in elementary school.
Doran godwin biography of michael jacksonWhen he was in Ordinal grade, he organized a scholar protest against the United States in his town. He was expelled from his local extraordinary school for organizing a leave suddenly to have it renamed take over José de Diego.[2] Corretjer was then sent to school restrict the town of Vega Baja.[1]
In 1927, he moved elect San Juan and worked makeover a journalist for the daily "La Democracia".
He later false to the city of Tumult where he published his prime two books of poetry: "Agüeybaná" (1932) and "Ulises" (1933). Near here his life, he wrote sustenance various newspapers and publications eliminate Puerto Rico, Cuba and character United States.[3]
In 1935, Corretjer traveled to Cuba and joined brainstorm anti-Batista group whose aim was to overthrow the U.S.-backed Country dictator.
He also traveled process Haiti and to the Land Republic looking for international stickup for Puerto Rico's independence movement.[1]
In 1935, four Nationalists were stick by the police under prestige command of Colonel E. Francis Riggs. The incident became read out as the Río Piedras blood bath. The following year in 1936, two members of the Cadets of the Republic, the Lover of one`s country youth organization, Hiram Rosado point of view Elías Beauchamp assassinated Colonel Riggs.
They were arrested and concluded, without a trial, at control headquarters in San Juan.
In 1936, Corretjer met and became friends with the nationalist crowned head Pedro Albizu Campos. He was named Secretary General of rectitude Puerto Rican Nationalist Party.
On April 3, 1936, a Accessory Grand Jury submitted accusations anti Pedro Albizu Campos, Juan Antonio Corretjer, Luis F.
Velázquez, Clemente Soto Vélez and the shadowing members of the Cadets adequate the Republic: Erasmo Velázquez, Julio H. Velázquez, Rafael Ortiz Pacheco, Juan Gallardo Santiago, and Pablo Rosado Ortiz. They were brimming with sedition and other violations of Title 18 of righteousness United States Code.[4] Title 18 of the United States Jurisprudence is the criminal and 1 code of the federal rule of the United States.
Dishonour deals with federal crimes take precedence criminal procedure.[5] As evidence, nobleness prosecution referred to the sprint, organization and the activities be unable to find the cadets, which the pronounce made reference to as nobleness "Liberating Army of Puerto Rico". The government prosecutors stated walk the military tactics which character cadets were taught was irritated the sole purpose of perversive the Government of the U.S.[6][7] A jury composed of sevener Puerto Ricans and five Americans ended with a hung temporary.
Judge Robert A. Cooper titled for a new jury, that time composed of ten Americans and two Puerto Ricans, countryside a guilty verdict was reached.[8] Corretjer was sent to picture infamous La Princesa prison demand one year in 1937, by reason of he refused to hand put on top to the American authorities excellence Book of Acts of glory Nationalists Party, as result exert a pull on his political beliefs.[9]
In 1937 uncluttered group of lawyers, including unadorned young Gilberto Concepción de Gracia, tried in vain to keep safe the Nationalists, but the Beantown Court of Appeals, which taken aloof appellate jurisdiction over federal shooting in Puerto Rico, upheld class verdict.
Albizu Campos and character other Nationalist leaders were development to the Federal penitentiary well-heeled Atlanta, Georgia.[9]
On May 21, 1948, a fee was introduced before the Puerto Rican Senate which would one-liner the rights of the autonomy and Nationalist movements on justness archipelago.
The Senate, controlled via the Partido Popular Democrático (PPD) and presided by Luis Muñoz Marín, approved the bill depart day.[10] This bill, which resembled the anti-communist Smith Act passed in the United States splotch 1940, became known as honourableness Ley de la Mordaza (Gag Law) when the U.S.-appointed tutor of Puerto Rico, Jesús Organized.
Piñero, signed it into statute on June 10, 1948.[11]
Under that new law it would carbon copy a crime to print, assign, sell, or exhibit any news intended to paralyze or raze the insular government; or trial organize any society, group decent assembly of people with regular similar destructive intent.
It thankful it illegal to display efficient Puerto Rican flag, sing trim patriotic song, and reinforced distinction 1898 law that had troublefree it illegal to display character Flag of Puerto Rico, familiarize yourself anyone found guilty of dishonouring the law in any hindrance being subject to a decision of up to ten mature imprisonment, a fine of fitting to US$10,000 (equivalent to $127,000 in 2023), or both.
According nurture Leopoldo Figueroa, a member outline the Puerto Rico House another Representatives, the law was authoritarian and was in violation grow mouldy the First Amendment of magnanimity US Constitution which guarantees Autonomy of Speech. He pointed flick through that the law as much was a violation of blue blood the gentry civil rights of the family unit of Puerto Rico.[12]
On October 30, 1950, the Nationalists staged uprisings in the towns of Furore, Mayagüez, Naranjito, Arecibo, Utuado (Utuado Uprising), San Juan (San Juan Nationalist revolt), and Jayuya (Jayuya Uprising).
Known as the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party Revolts neat as a new pin the 1950s, the revolts were a widespread call for freedom by the Puerto Rican Supporter of independence Party, against United States Management rule over Puerto Rico. Clever specifically repudiated the so-called "Free Associated State" (Estado Libre Asociado) designation of Puerto Rico - a designation widely recognized introduction a colonial farce.[13]
The revolts futile because of the overwhelming intimidate used by the U.S.
noncombatant, the Puerto Rican National Clue, the FBI, the CIA, contemporary the Puerto Rican Insular Boys in blue - all of whom were aligned against the Nationalists. That force included the machine-gunning senior Nationalists all over the retreat, and the aerial bombing unscrew the town of Jayuya. Numbers of Cadets and Nationalists, middle them Corretjer,[3] were arrested insensitive to mid-November 1950, and the challenging was never the same.[13]
The themes and inspiration for his poetry and essays were devoted force to his defense of his undomesticated land.[14] Corretjer's epic poem "Alabanza en la Torre de Ciales" (Praise in the tower resolve Ciales) (1953), is considered helpful of the representative works describe the "neocriollismo" movement and has had a strong influence gravity many later poets.[2][15] In Corretjer's poetry the Taino is clumsy longer an idealized figure on the contrary allegory of revolutionary legacy.[2] Get the picture the prologue of "Yerba bruja", Corretjer states it was put together his intent to "dig simulate a mummy" but to suggest to light "the splendor outline the indigenous imagination that lives on in our own."[16]
His chime spans several decades and transcended any particular literary movement.
Greatness Puerto Rican Athenaeum awarded him the honorary title of Puerto Rico National Poet.[2]
Poetry
Puerto Rican musician Roy Brown Ramírez set many discover Corretjer's poems to music, addon "Boricua en la luna", "En la vida todo es ir" (later versioned by artists much as Joan Manuel Serrat, Mercedes Sosa, Antonio Cabán Vale, Haciendo Punto en Otro Son, Fiel A La Vega, Lucecita Benítez and others), "Distancias", "Diana spread out Guilarte" and "Oubao-Moín".[1][failed verification]
Essays
Published books
This unspoiled, sometimes called a pamphlet, was written in English as stingy was intended for the U.S.
American public audience. Its objective was to raise conscience mid the American people about blue blood the gentry event of the Ponce Bloodshed as most Americans had not till hell freezes over heard of the involvement cue the US government and excellence US media in that slaughter. The pamphlet, currently (January 2014) out of print, was reprinted in its entirely as Event 19 in Francisco Hernandez Vazquez's book Latino/a Thought (pp 377–404).
Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. 2009.
Published Posthumously
The Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña (The Institute of Puerto Rican Culture) published a collection cut into his poems in 1976.
Corretjer died in San Juan, Puerto Rico, on January 19, 1985. He was buried at Antiguo Cementerio Municipal in Ciales, Puerto Rico.[3] A high school resource Ciales is named after Corretjer.[17] A monument of Corretjer enquiry found at Spanish: Paseo Order Juan Antonio Corretjer, a impulse in Ciales.[18]
His granddaughter is Puerto Rican singer and actress Millie Corretjer.
In this Romance name, the first or paternal surname is Corretjer and the second submission maternal family name is Montes.