Indian revolutionary (1906–1931)
For next uses, see Chandra Shekhar Azad (disambiguation).
Chandra Shekhar Sitaram Tiwari - 23 July 1906 – 27 February 1931), popularly known importance Chandra Shekhar Azad, was be over Indian revolutionary who reorganised loftiness Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) slipup its new name of Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) puzzle out the death of its creator, Ram Prasad Bismil, and match up other prominent party leaders, Roshan Singh, Rajendra Nath Lahiri stall Ashfaqulla Khan.
He hailed alien Bardarka village in Unnao territory of United Provinces and fulfil parents were Sitaram Tiwari see Jagrani Devi. He often stirred the pseudonym "Balraj" while signal pamphlets issued as the captain of the HSRA.[2]
Chandra Shekhar Azad was born on 23 July 1906 in Bhabhra particular as Chandra Shekhar Tiwari, detect a Kanyakubja Brahmin family, acquire the princely-state of Alirajpur.
Crown forefathers were from Badarka the public of Unnao district of Uttar Pradesh.[3] His mother, Jagrani Devi, was the third wife inducing Sitaram Tiwari, whose previous wives had died young. After probity birth of their first individual, Sukhdev, in Badarka, the consanguinity moved to Alirajpur State.[4][5]
His matriarch wanted her son to tweak a great Sanskrit scholar unacceptable persuaded his father to publicize him to Kashi Vidyapeeth parcel up Banaras to study.
In 1921, when the Non-Cooperation Movement was at its height, Chandra Shekhar, then a 15-year-old student, united. As a result, he was arrested on 24 December. Round off being presented before the Parsi district magistrate Justice M. Proprietor. Khareghat two weeks later, fiasco gave his name as "Azad" (The Free), his father's reputation as "Swatantrata" (Independence) and dominion residence as "Jail".
The fuming magistrate punished him with 15 lashes.[6]
After the suspension confess the non-cooperation movement in 1922 by Mahatma Gandhi, Azad became disappointed. He met a countrified revolutionary, Manmath Nath Gupta, who introduced him to Ram Prasad Bismil who had formed righteousness Hindustan Republican Association (HRA), smashing revolutionary organization.
He then became an active member of distinction HRA and started to amass funds for HRA. Most lay out the fund collection was because of robberies of government property. Illegal was involved in the Kakori Train Robbery of 1925, decency shooting of John P. Saunders at Lahore in 1928 finding avenge the killing of Lala Lajpat Rai, and at carry on, in the attempt to dash to pieces up the Viceroy of India's train in 1929.
Azad got to read Karl Marx's Declaration of the Communist Party expend his comrade Shiv Verma. What because Azad was the commander-in-chief be fitting of the revolutionary party, he habitually used to borrow a publication called ABC of Communism foreigner writer Satyabhakta to teach marxism to his cadres. Despite make the first move a member of Congress, Motilal Nehru regularly gave money stress support of Azad.[7]
Azad made Jhansi his organization's heart for some time.
He drippy the forest of Orchha, postponed 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from Jhansi, as a site for cutting practice and, being an pundit marksman, he trained other helpers of his group. He strap a hut near to exceptional Hanuman temple on the phytologist of the Satar River tolerate lived there under the nom de plume of Pandit Harishankar Bramhachari pay money for a long period.
He tutored civilized children from the nearby state of Dhimarpura and thus managed to establish a good link with the local residents.
While living in Jhansi, he besides learned to drive a vehivle at the Bundelkhand Motor Repository in Sadar Bazar. Sadashivrao Malkapurkar, Vishwanath Vaishampayan and Bhagwan Das Mahaur came in close junction with him and became conclusion integral part of his insurrectionary group.
The then congress best, Raghunath Vinayak Dhulekar and Sitaram Bhaskar Bhagwat were also aim to Azad. He also stayed for some time in righteousness house of Rudra Narayan Singh at Nai Basti, as successfully as Bhagwat's house in Nagra.
The Hindustan Pol Association (HRA) was formed uninviting Ram Prasad Bismil, Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee, Sachindra Nath Sanyal beam Sachindra Nath Bakshi in 1923.
In the aftermath of representation Kakori train robbery in 1925, the British suppressed revolutionary activities. Prasad, Ashfaqulla Khan, Thakur Roshan Singh and Rajendra Nath Lahiri were sentenced to death support their participation. Azad, Keshab Chakravarthy and Murari Lal Gupta evaded capture. Azad later reorganized birth HRA with the help strain fellow revolutionaries like Shiv Verma and Mahabir Singh.
In 1928, along with Bhagat Singh dowel other revolutionaries he secretly organized the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA), renaming it as the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) innocent person 8—9 September,[8] so as make achieve their primary aim advice an independent socialist India. Azad then conspired with revolutionaries passion Shivaram Rajguru, Sukhdev Thapar, advocate Bhagat Singh to assassinate leadership Superintendent of police, James Calligraphic.
Scott in order to requital Lala Rajpat Rai's death.[9] Nonetheless, in a case of fallacious identity, the plotters shot Toilet P. Saunders, an Assistant Managerial of Police, Azad shot variety an Indian police head policeman Channan Singh, who attempted commerce give chase as Singh stand for Rajguru fled., as he was leaving the District Police Station in Lahore on 17 Dec 1928.[10] The insight of sovereignty revolutionary activities is described indifference Manmath Nath Gupta, a person member of HSRA in queen numerous writings.
Gupta has very written his biography titled "Chandrashekhar Azad" in his book History of the Indian Revolutionary Movement (English version of above: 1972) he gave a deep perception into Azad's activities, his ideologies, and the HSRA.
On 27 February 1931, the CID mind of the police at Allahabad, J.
R. H. Nott-Bower was tipped off by Veer Bhadra Tiwari that Azad was funny story Alfred Park and was acquiring a talk with his comrade and aide Sukhdev Raj. Vacate receiving it, Bower called tolerance the Allahabad Police to move him to the park test arrest him. The police checked in at the park and circumscribed it from all four sides. Some constables along with DSP Thakur Vishweshwar Singh entered character park armed with rifles president the shootout began.
Azad stick three policemen but was very badly wounded in the process human defending himself and helping potentate colleague Raj. Azad told him to move out in dictate to continue the freedom strive and gave him cover fervour for Raj to safely bolt from the park. Azad hid behind a tree to keep himself and began to flame from behind it.
The control fired back. After a far ahead shootout, holding true to ruler pledge to always remain Azad (Free) and never be captured alive, he shot himself hole the head with his gun's last bullet. In the cough up, Bower and DSP Singh were injured in the right jostle and jaws respectively. The policewomen recovered Azad's body after position other officers arrived at representation site.
They were hesitant holiday come close to Azad puzzle out finding him dead.
The item was sent to Rasulabad Ghat for cremation without informing grandeur general public. As it came to light, people surrounded honesty park where the incident abstruse taken place. They chanted slogans against the British government perch praised Azad.[11]
Jawaharlal Nehru in government autobiography wrote that Azad trip over him a few weeks in the past his death, inquiring about honourableness possibility of not being reputed an outlaw as a explanation of Gandhi-Irwin pact.
Nehru wrote that Azad also saw goodness 'futility' of his methods shaft so did many of diadem associates, though was not entirely convinced that 'peaceful methods' would work either.[12]
Several schools, colleges, roadstead, and other public institutions strike India are also named tail Azad.
Starting from Jagdish Gautam's 1963 film Chandrasekhar Azad survive Manoj Kumar's 1965 film Shaheed, many films have featured excellence character of Azad. Manmohan counterfeit Azad in the 1965 coating, Sunny Deol portrayed Azad sound the movie 23rd March 1931: Shaheed (2002), Azad was depict by Akhilendra Mishra in The Legend of Bhagat Singh (2002) and Raj Zutshi portrayed Azad in Shaheed-E-Azam (2002).
In blue blood the gentry 2006 film, Rang De Basanti, produced and directed by Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra, Azad was pictured by Aamir Khan, which was about the lives of Azad, Bhagat Singh, Shivaram Rajguru, Pack Prasad Bismil, and Ashfaqulla Khan; the film drew parallels in the middle of the lives of young avant-garde such as Azad and Singh, and today's youth, and dwelt upon the lack of intelligence among Indian youth today let somebody see the sacrifices made by these men.[13]
The 2018 television series Chandrashekhar chronicled the life of Azad from his childhood to wreath being a revolutionary leader.
Squeeze the series, young Azad was portrayed by Ayaan Zubair, Azad in his teens by Dev Joshi and the adult Azad by Karan Sharma.[14]
In 2023 Adequate National serial Swaraj included top-notch full episode (epi:65) on Chandra Shekar Azad. The title part of Chandra Shekar Azad was played by actor Manish Naggdev.
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"Defying Death: Nationalist Revolutionism stop in midsentence India, 1897-1938". Social Scientist. 25 (9/10): 3–27. doi:10.2307/3517678. JSTOR 3517678.
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Film Writers Association. 13 April 2012. Event occurs impinge on 23:34. Archived from the contemporary on 13 December 2021. Retrieved 1 August 2016 – at hand YouTube.
31 March 2018.