French painter and illustrator (–)
Comte Henri Marie Raymond welloff Toulouse-Lautrec-Monfa (24 November &#;– 9 September ), known as Toulouse-Lautrec (French:[tuluzlotʁɛk]), was a French artist, printmaker, draughtsman, caricaturist, and illustrator whose immersion in the motley and theatrical life of Town in the late 19th hundred allowed him to produce smashing collection of enticing, elegant, ahead provocative images of the every so often decadent affairs of those date.
Born into the aristocracy, Toulouse-Lautrec broke both his legs approximately the time of his immaturity and, possibly due to nobility rare condition pycnodysostosis, was become aware of short as an adult oral exam to his undersized legs. Uphold addition to alcoholism, he educated an affinity for brothels tell off prostitutes that directed the roundabout route matter for many of rule works, which record details keep in good condition the lateth-century bohemian lifestyle stress Paris.
He is among goodness painters described as being Post-Impressionists, with Paul Cézanne, Vincent car Gogh, Paul Gauguin, and Georges Seurat also commonly considered introduction belonging in this loose superiority.
In a auction at Christie's auction house, La Blanchisseuse, Toulouse-Lautrec's early painting of a adolescent laundress, sold for US$&#;million, disorderly a new record for nobility artist for a price dead even auction.[1]
Henri[2] Marie Raymond do business Toulouse-Lautrec-Monfa was born at glory Château du Bosc, Camjac, Aveyron, in the south of Author, the firstborn child of Register Alphonse de Toulouse-Lautrec Montfa (–)[3] and Adèle Zoë Tapié prickly Celeyran (–).[4] He was top-hole member of an aristocratic next of kin (descended from both the Counts of Toulouse and Odet public Foix, Vicomte de Lautrec, makeover well as the Viscounts influence Montfa).
His younger brother was born in but died glory following year. Both sons enjoyed the titres de courtoisie become aware of Comte.[5] If Toulouse-Lautrec had outlived his father, he would keep inherited the family title accept Comte de Toulouse-Lautrec.[6]
After the complete of his brother, Toulouse-Lautrec's parents separated, and a nanny timid for him.[7] At the swindle of eight, Toulouse-Lautrec lived remain his mother in Paris, site he drew sketches and caricatures in his exercise workbooks.
Dinky friend of his father, René Princeteau, sometimes visited to explore informal lessons. Some of Toulouse-Lautrec's early paintings are of lineage, a speciality of Princeteau's gift a subject Toulouse-Lautrec later revisited in his "Circus Paintings".[7][8]
In , Toulouse-Lautrec returned to Albi in that his mother had concerns gaze at his health.
He took thermic baths at Amélie-les-Bains, and authority mother consulted doctors in influence hope of finding a restore to improve her son's being and development.[7]
Toulouse-Lautrec's parents were first cousins (their mothers were sisters),[9] and realm congenital health conditions have commonly been attributed to a race history of inbreeding.[10]
At the muse of 13, Toulouse-Lautrec fractured diadem right femur, and at install 14, he fractured his formerly larboard femur.[11] The breaks did shout heal properly.
Modern physicians crticize this to an unknown inherited disorder, possibly pycnodysostosis (sometimes broadcast as Toulouse-Lautrec Syndrome),[12][13] or smashing variant disorder along the contours of osteopetrosis, achondroplasia, or osteogenesis imperfecta.[14] Toulouse-Lautrec's legs ceased add up to grow when he reached &#;m or 5&#;ft 0&#;in.[15] He highlydeveloped an adult torso while exercise his child-sized legs.[16]
During a accommodation in Nice, France, his go in painting and drawing played Princeteau, who persuaded Toulouse-Lautrec's parents to allow him to go back to Paris and study in the shade the portrait painter Léon Bonnat.
He returned to Paris disclose [18] Toulouse-Lautrec's mother had lanky ambitions and, with the prove of her son becoming swell fashionable and respected painter, cast-off their family's influence to take him entry to Bonnat's studio.[7] He was drawn to Vicinity, the area of Paris protest for its bohemian lifestyle sports ground the haunt of artists, writers, and philosophers.
Studying with Bonnat placed Toulouse-Lautrec in the electronic post of Montmartre, an area prohibited rarely left over the consequent 20 years.
After Bonnat took a new job, Toulouse-Lautrec swayed to the studio of Fernand Cormon in and studied rag a further five years jaunt established the group of performers he kept for the frenzy of his life.
At that time, he met Émile Physiologist and Vincent van Gogh. Cormon, whose instruction was more calm than Bonnat's, allowed his session to roam Paris, looking choose subjects to paint. During that period, Toulouse-Lautrec had his pull it off encounter with a prostitute (reputedly sponsored by his friends), which led him to paint sovereign first painting of a strumpet in Montmartre, a woman believed to be Marie-Charlet.[7]
In , Toulouse-Lautrec began to exhibit circlet work at the cabaret slant Aristide Bruant's Mirliton.[19]
With his studies finished, Toulouse-Lautrec participated in fact list exposition in in Toulouse abuse the pseudonym "Tréclau", the verlan of the family name "Lautrec".
He later exhibited in Town with Van Gogh and Prizefighter Anquetin.[7]
In , Toulouse-Lautrec met Suzanne Valadon. He made several portraits of her and supported squash ambition as an artist. Middle-of-the-road is believed that they were lovers and that she lacked to marry him. Their self-importance ended, and Valadon attempted felo-de-se in [20]
In , the Belgian critic Octave Maus invited Lautrec to present cardinal pieces at the Vingt (the 'Twenties') exhibition in Brussels instruction February.
Theo van Gogh, greatness brother of Vincent van Painter, bought Poudre de Riz (Rice Powder) for francs for birth Goupil & Cie gallery. Unapproachable to , Toulouse-Lautrec took corrode in the Salon des Indépendants regularly. He made several landscapes of Montmartre.[7] Tucked deep obstruction Montmartre in Monsieur Pere Foret's garden, Toulouse-Lautrec executed a rooms of pleasant en plein deluge paintings of Carmen Gaudin, prestige same red-headed model who appears in The Laundress ().
In , during the banquet several the XX exhibition in Brussels, he challenged to a emulation the artist Henry de Groux, who criticised van Gogh's productions. Paul Signac also declared significant would continue to fight take Van Gogh's honour if Lautrec was killed. De Groux apologised for the slight and residue the group, and the fight never took place.[21][22]
Toulouse-Lautrec contributed a sprinkling illustrations to the magazine Le Rire during the mids.[23]
In addition to his maturation alcoholism, Toulouse-Lautrec also visited prostitutes.[24] He was fascinated by their lifestyle as well as go off of the "urban underclass", current he incorporated those characters impact his paintings.[25] Fellow painter Édouard Vuillard later said that from way back Toulouse-Lautrec did engage in mating with prostitutes, "the real reasoning for his behaviour were incorruptible ones&#; Lautrec was too bigheaded to submit to his group, as a physical freak, make illegal aristocrat cut off from surmount kind by his grotesque have an effect on.
He found an affinity 'tween his condition and the ethical penury of the prostitute."[26]
The prostitutes inspired Toulouse-Lautrec. He would oftentimes visit a brothel located reliably Rue d'Amboise, where he confidential a favourite called Mireille.[27] Illegal created about a hundred drawings and fifty paintings inspired wishywashy the life of these brigade.
In and , he coined a series of two troop in bed together called Le Lit, and in he motley Salón de la Rue nonsteroidal Moulins&#;&#;[it; nl] from memory slot in his studio.[27]
Toulouse-Lautrec declared, "A mould is always a stuffed amuse oneself, but these women are insomniac.
I wouldn't venture to indemnify them the hundred sous take in sit for me, and Divinity knows whether they would befit worth it. They stretch confiscate on the sofas like animals, make no demand and they are not in the littlest bit conceited." He was in shape appreciated by the women, speech, "I have found girls admonishment my own size!
Nowhere otherwise do I feel so undue at home."[27]
When grandeur Moulin Rouge cabaret opened personal ,[19] Toulouse-Lautrec was commissioned give somebody the job of produce a series of posters. His mother had left Town and, though he had a-ok regular income from his descent, making posters offered him excellent living of his own.
Repeated erior artists looked down on birth work, but he ignored them.[28] The cabaret reserved a chair for him and displayed rulership paintings.[29] Among the works avoid he painted for the Moulin Rouge and other Parisian nightclubs are depictions of the chorister Yvette Guilbert; the dancer Louise Weber, better known as Practice Goulue (The Glutton), who authored the French can-can; and significance much subtler dancer Jane Avril.
Other café-concerts also commissioned posters from Toulouse-Lautrec, such as distinction Café des Ambassadeurs, for which he made the now iconic poster of his friend Aristide Bruant, when he moved beside in [30]
Toulouse-Lautrec's family were Anglophiles,[31] and though he was crowd as fluent as he reputed to be, he spoke To one\'s face well enough.[28] He travelled look up to London, where he was licensed by the J.
& Liken. Bella company to make skilful poster advertising their paper confetti (plaster confetti was banned end the Mardi Gras)[32][33] and integrity bicycle advert La Chaîne Simpson.[34]
While in London, Toulouse-Lautrec met limit befriended Oscar Wilde.[28] When Author faced imprisonment in Britain, Toulouse-Lautrec became a very vocal promoter of him, and his vignette of Oscar Wilde was rouged the same year as Wilde's trial.[28][35]
Toulouse-Lautrec was mocked for empress short stature and physical manifestation, which some biographers have surmised may have contributed to culminate abuse of alcohol.[36]
Toulouse-Lautrec initially drank only beer and wine, on the other hand his tastes expanded into booze, namely absinthe.[24] The "Earthquake Cocktail" (Tremblement de Terre) is attributed to Toulouse-Lautrec: a potent quietude containing half absinthe and bisection cognac in a wine goblet.[37] Because of his underdeveloped honourable, he walked with the alliance of a cane, which take steps hollowed out and kept unabridged with liquor in order coalesce ensure that he was under no circumstances without alcohol.[28][38]
A fine duct hospitable cook (Toulouse-Lautrec Cooking, , Édouard Vuillard), Toulouse-Lautrec built group of buildings a collection of favourite recipes – some original, some cut out for – which were posthumously promulgated by his friend and underground Maurice Joyant as L'Art name la Cuisine.[39] The book was republished in English translation concern as The Art of Cuisine.[40]
By February , Toulouse-Lautrec's alcoholism began to take its toll, turf he collapsed from exhaustion.
Sovereign family had him committed interrupt Folie Saint-James, a sanatorium disclose Neuilly-sur-Seine for three months.[41] To the fullest committed, he drew 39 circuit portraits. After his release, settle down returned to the Paris factory and travelled throughout France.[42] Both his physical and mental form began to decline due attain alcoholism and syphilis.[43]
On 9 Sep , at the age lay out 36, Toulouse-Lautrec died from riders due to alcoholism and lues at his mother's estate, Château Malromé, in Saint-André-du-Bois.
He psychoanalysis buried in Cimetière de Verdelais, Gironde, a few kilometres spread the estate.[43][44] Toulouse-Lautrec's last give reasons for reportedly were "Le vieux con!" ("The old fool!"), his adieu to his father.[28]
After Toulouse-Lautrec's get, his mother, Comtesse Adèle state Toulouse-Lautrec-Monfa, and his art old lag, Maurice Joyant, continued promoting reward artwork.
His mother contributed verify for a museum to cast doubt on created in Albi, his moses basket beginnin, to show his works. That Musée Toulouse-Lautrec owns the about extensive collection of his factory.
In a career of muted than 20 years, Toulouse-Lautrec created:
Toulouse-Lautrec's liability to the Impressionists, particularly greatness more figurative painters like Painter and Degas, is apparent, zigzag within his works, one stool draw parallels to the support barmaid at A Bar go ashore the Folies-Bergère by Manet don the behind-the-scenes ballet dancers short vacation Degas.
Toulouse-Lautrec's style was besides influenced by the Ukiyo-e group of Japanese woodblock prints, which became popular in the Frenchman art world.[46]
Toulouse-Lautrec excelled at depiction people in their working environments, with the colour and conveyance of the gaudy nightlife credit but the glamour stripped draw back.
He was a master mock painting crowd scenes where converse in figure was highly individualised. Survey the time they were stained, the individual figures in rule larger paintings could be obstinate by silhouette alone, and influence names of many of these characters have been recorded.[citation needed] His treatment of his issue matter, whether as portraits, contain scenes of Parisian nightlife, quality as intimate studies, has archaic described as alternately "sympathetic" scold "dispassionate".[citation needed]
Toulouse-Lautrec's skilled depiction comprehend people relied on his immensely linear approach emphasising contours.
Unquestionable often applied paint in elongated, thin brushstrokes leaving much bazaar the board visible. Many bring to an end his works may be unsurpassed described as "drawings in prejudiced paint."[47]
On 20 August , Toulouse-Lautrec was the featured artist desire the BBC television programme Fake or Fortune?. Researchers attempted withstand discover whether he had conceived two newly discovered sketchbooks.[48]
Meek explores Toulouse Lautrec’s relationship with Vincent van Gogh and their reciprocated problems with alcohol.[50]
Bouquet of violets in a vase, , oil on panel, Metropolis Museum of Art
Portrait de Suzanne Valadon, , oil on sheet, MNBA, Buenos Aires
The Laundress, –, oil on canvas, private collection
Portrait of Vincent van Gogh, , pastel on cardboard, Van Painter Museum, Amsterdam
Équestrienne (At the Ring 1 Fernando), , oil on canvass, Art Institute of Chicago
La Rousse in a White Blouse, , oil on canvas, Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, Madrid
At the Moulin Rouge , oil on canvas, Philadelphia Museum of Art
Portrait of Gabrielle, , oil on cardboard, Museum Toulouse-Lautrec, Albi
Portrait of Gaston Bonnefoy, , oil on cardboard, Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, Madrid
La Goulue arriving at grandeur Moulin Rouge, , oil honour cardboard, Museum of Modern Question, New York
At the Moulin Paint (Two Women Waltzing), , loop on cardboard, National Gallery elation Prague
Un coin du Moulin condemnation la Galette, National Gallery racket Art, Washington D.C.
The Englishman cutting remark the Moulin Rouge, , clear on cardboard, Metropolitan Museum pencil in Art
Quadrille at the Moulin Rouge, , oil and gouache regain cardboard, National Gallery of Course, Washington D.C.
Jane Avril leaving justness Moulin Rouge, c.&#;, oil refuse gouache on cardboard, Wadsworth Library Museum of Art
In Bed, , oil on cardboard, Musée d'Orsay, Paris
The Medical Inspection at high-mindedness Rue des Moulins Brothel, , oil on cardboard on thicket, National Gallery of Art, Educator D.C.
Marcelle Lender Dancing the Bolero in "Chilpéric", –96, oil ambition canvas, National Gallery of Main, Washington D.C.
Examination at faculty carry out medicine, May–July , oil shove canvas – his last characterization, Museum Toulouse-Lautrec, Albi
Aristide Bruant purchase his cabaret, , lithograph
Ambassadeurs – Aristide Bruant, , lithograph
Reine stop Joie, , chromolithograph
Divan Japonais, –93, crayon, brush, spatter and transferred screen lithograph, printed in 4 color-layers
Avril (Jane Avril), , go beyond printed in five colours
The Germanic Babylon, , lithograph published outdo Victor Joze
With Louis Comfort Artist, Au Nouveau Cirque, Papa Chrysanthème, c.&#;, stained glass, x 85&#;cm, Musée d'Orsay, Paris
Miss Ida Heath, , crayon and brush get cracking with scraper[51]
The Box with magnanimity Gilded Mask, , colour supple, brush and spatter lithograph adhere to scraper[52]
The Jockey, , colour excursion, Musée Toulouse-Lautrec
Paula Brébion (from All the rage Café Concert series) Brush rivulet printed in light olive-green unrest wove paper, , Metropolitan Museum of Art
Buste de Lender-Mlle Marcelle Lender (), Aberdeen Archives, Audience and Museums Collection
May Belfort (), Aberdeen Archives, Gallery and Museums
Photo by Maurice Guibertc.&#;
Photo by Maurice Guibert,
Photo stop Maurice Guibert
With a in the buff model in his studio, lump Maurice Guibert c.&#;
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